STEM Majors How to Choose the Right Degree

STEM refers to a broad group of academic subjects focused on the sciences, technological fields, engineering disciplines, and mathematics. In higher education, youll find hundreds if not thousands of options for studying a STEM discipline. Degree possibilities include certificate programs, two-year associate degrees, four-year bachelors degrees, masters degrees, and doctoral degrees. Career possibilities range from technicians to actual rocket scientists, and employment opportunities are likewise diverse: government agencies, large corporations, non-profits, self-employed entrepreneurs, Silicon Valley start-ups, educational institutions, and more. Science Majors and Degrees Students who study the sciences will typically earn a bachelor of science (BS), masters, or doctoral degrees. You may also find colleges that offer a bachelor of arts (BA) degrees in the sciences. A BS will be a more rigorous degree when it comes to coverage of math and science, while a BA degree will often have more breadth in the social sciences and humanities. Youll see BA degrees in the sciences at liberal arts colleges more frequently than at larger research universities. A survey of colleges and universities will reveal hundreds of different options for the sciences, but most fall within a handful of categories: Biological Sciences Biology is one of the most popular undergraduate majors, and biology is often the major of choice for students who want to go on to medical school, dental school, or veterinary school. Biology students learn about living organisms at the chemical and cellular levels up through the study of entire ecosystems. Career options are equally broad and include areas such as pharmaceuticals, environmental protection, agriculture, health care, and forensics. Chemistry Students in biology, geology, and most engineering fields will need to study chemistry, for it is the science that underpins everything having to do with materials and matter. Undergrads will typically study both organic and solid-state chemistry, and they can go on to careers in areas such as sustainable energy, medicine, nanotechnology, and manufacturing. Environmental Science Environmental science is a growth field as our planet comes under threats from pollution, global warming, mass extinctions, and limited resources. It is an interdisciplinary academic field, and students will typically take classes in math, biology, chemistry, geology, ecology, and other academic areas. Environmental science is an excellent choice for students who are interested in applying their analytical skills to large scale problems affecting our world. Geological Sciences Geology students study the earth (and sometimes other planetary bodies), and they will often have a specific track such as geology, geophysics, or geochemistry. Courses can include topics such as mineralogy, petrology, and geophysics. The most lucrative jobs in the geological sciences are often related to energy, both fossil fuel and geothermal. Geology students might work for gas or mining companies, civil engineering firms, national parks, or educational institutions. Physics Physics students study matter and energy, and courses will focus on topics such as electromagnetic radiation, magnetism, sound, mechanics, and electricity. Astronomy is a branch of physics. Mechanical engineering, nuclear engineering, aerospace engineering, electrical engineering, and many other STEM fields are grounded in physics. Physicists work with lasers, wave tanks, and nuclear reactors, and careers span educational institutions, the military, the energy sector, the computer industry, and much more. Technology Majors and Degrees Technology is the broadest and arguably most confusing STEM category. Engineers, after all, use and study technology, as do many math and science majors. That said, within educational settings, the term is typically applied to anything related to mechanical, electrical, or computer systems. Technology programs can be two-year, four-year, or certificate programs. Theres a lot of demand for technology majors, and many companies have a difficult time finding employees with the precise technical skills they need. Some of the most popular technology fields are listed below. Computer Science A major in computer science can be part of a two-year, four-year or graduate degree. Coursework is likely to include a lot of math, programming, database management, and computer languages. Good computer scientists enjoy solving problems, and they need to be both logical and creative. The field demands patience for debugging programs and finding solutions to complex problems. Computer scientists work in a wide range of industries outside the realm of technology. Hospitals, financial institutions, and the military all rely on computer scientists. Information Technology Information technology is related to computer science, as both fields require students to learn about computer systems and develop programming skills. Information technology, however, tends to be more directly linked to business applications. A college graduate with an IT degree will help keep operating systems running, support and train colleagues who need to use computer systems, and develop new tools for business needs. IT specialists develop, test, and maintain the computer tools and networks needed to keep a business running. Depending on the college, youll find everything from two-year to doctoral degrees in IT. Web Design and Development Web design is another field related to computer science. Degrees are typically completed at the associate or baccalaureate level. Four-year degrees will often have much more robust systems and programming foundation than two-year degrees. With that greater skill set come greater job opportunities. Web design majors will take classes in HTML and CSS, Javascript, Flash, graphic design, and advertising. Additional work with SQL, PHP, and database management is also common. Nearly all businesses today need web designers, and graduates will also have wide-ranging freelance and self-employment opportunities. Health Technologies Many community colleges and regional public universities offer two-year technology degrees related to health. Popular fields include radiologic technology, health information technology, and medical laboratory technology. These degrees can lead to immediate employment within the healthcare system, but be aware that the highly specialized nature of the fields can limit job mobility and career advancement opportunities. Engineering Majors and Degrees Engineering and technology overlap considerably, but true engineering degrees tend to be rigorous four-year degrees (and graduate degrees) with coursework that spans a range of science, engineering, math, and laboratory classes. Youll also find that four-year graduation rates for engineering programs tend to be lower than for many other majors because of the demands of the coursework and because many programs encourage or require students to get hands-on experience through internships, co-ops, or other work experiences. Like technology and the sciences, there are hundreds of different engineering programs offered across the country, but most draw upon a handful of core subject areas: Aerospace Engineering Within university academic programs, this field is often combined with aeronautical and astronomical engineering. Along with a strong math and physics foundation, students can expect coursework in fluid dynamics, astrodynamics/aerodynamics, propulsion, structural analysis, and advanced materials. The major is an excellent choice if your dream is to be an engineer working for NASA, Boeing, the Air Force, SpaceX, or similar companies and organizations. Chemical Engineering Students in chemical engineering will take classes in math, chemistry, physics, engineering, and biology. Careers in chemical engineering span a wide range of businesses including desalination plants, microbreweries, and companies working to develop sustainable fuels. Civil Engineering Civil engineers tend to work on big projects such as roads, bridges, rail systems, dams, parks, and even the design of entire communities. A civil engineering degree can take different forms with different foci, but students can expect to take courses in computer modeling, mathematics, mechanics, and systems. Electrical Engineering From your computer to your television to the World Wide Web, we all rely on products and technologies that electrical engineers have had a hand in developing. As a major, your coursework will have a significant grounding in physics. Electromagnetism, circuits, communication and control systems, and computer science will all be part of the curriculum. Materials Engineering Materials science and engineering majors often focus on a specific sub-discipline such as plastics, electrical materials, metals, ceramics, or biomaterials. Coursework will include physics and a lot of advanced chemistry. Materials scientists are needed in diverse industries, so professions span everything from computer manufacture to automotive industries to the military. Mechanical Engineering Mechanical engineering is one of the older and most popular engineering fields. Along with lots of math and physics, students take courses in mechanics, dynamics, fluids, and design. Nanoengineering and robotics often fall under the umbrella of mechanical engineering, and both are growth fields. Other Engineering Degrees There are many other engineering fields, many of which are interdisciplinary majors that combine an engineering and science curriculum. Popular fields include biomedical engineering, environmental engineering, and petroleum engineering. Math Majors and Degrees Math may seem like a single discipline, but it isnt quite that simple. Math majors have several degree options, usually at the baccalaureate or graduate level: Mathematics A bachelors degree in mathematics will include coursework in subjects such as multi-variable calculus, differential equations, statistics, as well as various courses related to algebra and geometry. Strength in mathematics can lead to a wide range of careers in areas such as education, economics, financial planning, and cryptography. Applied Mathematics Students who major in applied mathematics will take basic courses such as calculus, statistics, and differential equations, but they will also take coursework that connects mathematics to specialized applications within science, social science, or engineering fields. An applied mathematics major might take coursework in the biological sciences, chemistry, economics, political science, mechanical engineering, or physics. Different colleges will have different collaborations between mathematics and other academic fields, so be sure to do your research before choosing a school. Statistics Nearly all math majors will take at least some coursework in statistics, but some colleges offer degree programs devoted to the field. Statistics majors will take core courses in calculus, linear algebra, differential equations, and, of course, statistics. They are also likely to take more specialized courses on topics such as survey sampling, data science, experiment design, game theory, business, big data, or computing. On the job front, statistics is a growth field with many opportunities in business, finance, and technology professions. Women and STEM Historically, STEM fields have been dominated by men, but the climate has begun to change. In addition to increasing numbers of female STEM majors, women seeking to study STEM will find excellent support networks once they arrive on campus. Organizations such as the Women in Engineering Proactive Network provides a support network to help female engineering students graduate, and Million Women Mentors work to mentor women in STEM fields through high school, college, and their careers. Many colleges also have chapters of SWE, the Society of Women Engineers, a group that advocates for the inclusion and success of women in engineering and technology fields. Best Schools for Studying STEM Any recommendation of where you should study a STEM field will depend on your specific interests, career goals, academic credentials, and personal preferences. What type of degree do you want? Can you go anywhere in the country, or are you geographically limited? Do you have to balance your education with a job? For some, an online program, local community college, or regional state university might be the best option. For full-time, four-year degree programs in STEM fields, however, a few schools frequently top the national rankings: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, Massachusetts): MIT is always at or near the top of rankings of the best engineering schools, and it has even been at the top of rankings of the best universities in the world. Its location near downtown Boston, Harvard University, and Boston University is an added bonus.California Institute of Technology (Pasadena, California): Caltech often vies with MIT for the top spot on rankings of the nations best engineering schools. The school is a research powerhouse with its 3 to 1 student-faculty ratio and impressive faculty. Students will have plenty of opportunities to work in the lab with graduate students and faculty members.Cornell University (Ithaca, New York): When it comes to STEM fields, Cornell is arguably the strongest of all of the eight Ivy League schools. The university has an entire quadrangle dedicated to engineering, and over 1,500 students graduate from undergraduate STEM fields every year. Added bonuses include one of th e nations best college towns and beautiful views of Lake Cayuga.Georgia Institute of Technology (Atlanta, Georgia): As a public university option, Georgia Tech is hard to beat for STEM majors. Each year, the university graduates over 2,300 students in engineering programs alone. Undergraduates will find plenty of co-op, internship, and research opportunities. Plus, Georgia Tech students can enjoy the energy and excitement that comes from attending an NCAA Division I university.Stanford University (Stanford, California): With its 5 percent acceptance rate and international reputation, Stanford competes with MIT and the Ivies for the top of the rankings. Stanford is a comprehensive university with wide-ranging strengths, but engineering fields, biological sciences, and computer science are particularly strong. These five schools represent just a few of the best places to major in STEM fields. The United States has many excellent engineering schools. And if youre looking for a smaller school with a largely undergraduate focus, youll want to check out some of the excellent undergraduate engineering colleges, too. These schools all have strengths in science, math, and technology fields as well as engineering.

The Elite and Pluralist Approach to Governance - 2212 Words

This essay seeks to explain the Elitist and Pluralist approaches to governance and advance both positive and negative sides for each approach. It shall begin by defining the major terms/ concepts Governance, Elitist and Pluralist. The essay shall then explain in detail the two approaches respectively. Then it shall highlight the positives (merits) and negatives (demerits) for each approach. Finally the essay shall give a conclusion based on the main points of the essay. Governance is the activity or process of making policy decisions and implementing them or the ability of government to create and implement public policy. It describes the mechanisms government uses to ensure that the citizenly follow and abide by its established policies†¦show more content†¦The civil elite on the other hand are the unelected officials, the bureaucrats, the civil servants, who have no political mandate but are appointed into positions based on their educational and professional attainments; for instance: the Secretary to the Cabinet, the Permanent secretaries, etc. These two elite groups function jointly in making policy decisions, controlling and guiding the affairs of the country. The political elite make the policies while the civil elite implement or actually do the running of the affairs of the country. The civil elite, by virtue of their qualifications, professionalism, and research, take the role of administration because they are well informed and experienced than their counterparts. They initiate, plan/draft and implement the policies made by the political executive. Because they are well informed, they are advisors to the political elites where need arises. They give political education to the masses and set certain model standards in society and in this they enlighten the people and thus preserve and promote the culture. Birch, A.(1993; pg 6). The Pluralist approach arose from a protest against what was seen as monolithic and overbearing state sovereignty. The protestors’ demand was that state power ought to be shared among/with social groups. The pluralist fear was of a society in which the state was the sole centre of power. The desired goal was one of a decentralized and associative society that would involve every memberShow MoreRelatedMedia Studies1668 Words   |  7 PagesStudies (Media and Society) SLLS1005 Word Count: Two opposing views on the role of media in society have thus far dominated media studies: the Marxist and liberal-pluralist perspectives. Simply, Marxist theorists see the role of the mass media as a means of maintaining the existing state of affairs, while the liberal pluralists see the role of the mass media as a means to promote the freedom of speech. The following essay will look more closely into the theories of these two schools with regardsRead MoreExploring Political Issues1535 Words   |  7 PagesTiger through the opinions of the both the Elitist, Marxist and pluralist approaches. The first theory to be defined is pluralism. This theory governs political science with its emphasis on diversity of groups and interests within the state; it precludes any one group from taking control and dominating. Distinction between political and economic power is evident; between civil society and the state. The pluralist approach states that power is shared between different groups in societyRead MoreMarxism And The State : An Analytical Approach Essay745 Words   |  3 PagesPaul Wetherly is a member of Social Sciences faculty of Leeds Becket University, where he is teaching Introduction to Governance; Political Ideologies and Movements; and The State; Theories, Issues Challenges. He is also a member of the Marxism Specialist Group. Some of his work in Marxist politics theory are a book, Marxism and the State: An Analytical Approach (Wetherly, 2005); a chapter in the book, â€Å"Can Capitalists Use the State to Serve Their General Interests?† (Wetherly, 2008); and someRead MoreAnalyzing Two Theories of Business Power4120 Words   |  16 PagesTwo Theories of Business Power Introduction The Dominance and the Pluralist Theories led to the development of socialism and liberalism respectively. The two theories had notable differences, almost contrasting one another. For us to analyze and contrast the two theories, it is notable to understand the fundamental perceptions of Dominance and the Pluralism. Connolly and Connolly (2010) argue that we can define the dominance theory as the theory of Marxist, advanced by Karl Max. This theory hasRead MoreIs Power Central to Understanding Politics?2270 Words   |  10 Pagespolitical science. The concept of power has gained prominence in the recent times especially with emergence of Behaviouralism as a method of studying politics. It focuses on the study of politics as a process or activity with an interdisciplinary approach. The debate on the centrality of the concept of power for understanding the politics is the interaction with the different space and time. And the intervention of Foucault comes in this way as a breakthrough from the conventional notions of powerRead MoreA Common Source Of Conflict Essay1526 Words   |  7 Pagesrecognize that there are several religious groups living within their borders so they strive to be a pluralist country, a country where there is more than just one center of power, which in India s case are Mu slims, Hindus, and Christians. While this approach looks good in theory, it leaves critical matters such as marriage, dowry, and property rights solely in the hands of religious leaders. This approach allows for the subjectivity of religion to be exploited and removes the checks and balances systemRead MoreMarxism and Pluralism Views on Media1826 Words   |  8 PagesGurevitch, Woollacott 2006:1). This essay will discuss these theories, namely the liberal-pluralist and Marxist approaches as well as the role of media in society according to these approaches. Marxism takes the view that media has an undisputable influence over society and that this helps preserve differences of power between social groups based on class, race and gender. (Burton, 2002:48). The Marxist approach stresses the power of the media to control people in society, based on the ‘base-superstructure’Read More Colombian Democracy Essay5929 Words   |  24 Pagesof the birthplace of Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s magical realism: â€Å"armed conflict† and â€Å"political democracy.† These phenomena are a defining feature of modern Colombia. They have coexisted since 1958 when the National Front political pact ended intra-elite conflict in La Violencia but failed to guarantee a stable social order. In a sense, Colombian society was never successfully â€Å"pacified† in the way its neighboring nations were. The question of whether and how these two realities will be linked in theRead MoreSocial Media And Political Engagement2000 Words   |  8 Pagesinequality that can help broaden the space for their political participation. Therefore, young people may be found working at the grassroots level through NGOs and CSOs, intergroup dialogue, or fulfilling a watchdog role in order to hold political elites accountable, as well as through their membership in political parties. Through social media young people can not only increase their participation in democratic life and become politically active, but also are able to convey their messages and holdRead MoreEuropean Integration And The European Union2920 Words   |  12 Pagesthemselves in several schools of thought, out of which there are two dominant ones- intergovernmentalism and neo-functionalism. The former was first mentioned by Stanley Hoffmann- professor of Harvard University and then picked up by others. The latter approach was introduced by Ernst Bernard Haas- a German-American scientist. Both approaches capture at least some of the essence of the EU today, however it is also fair to say that they are out of date, and have less adequate explanations of the process

Cuban Women The Revolutionary Years - 978 Words

Before the Revolutionary years, mainly during the Batista era, Cuban women were put at a disadvantage due to the traditional views held by other members of the patriarchal society. Women were constantly viewed as inferior to men; many believed that women should be at home, keeping themselves busy with domestic work, such as cooking, cleaning, and raising the children, while men should be out working and earning money in order to survive. In 1953, about thirteen per cent of the workforce were women (Gomperts, 20). Women were not allowed to participate in politics; these included voting or working in government jobs (Gomperts, 20) Medical care and education were limited to the women throughout the country (Gomperts, 21). On the contrary, during the 1969 Revolution, many things on this island had changed. Fidel Castro wanted the island to portray a certain image in order to show excellence and greatness. As a result, Castro enacted various laws and policies in order to achieve the desired ideal image. One of his goals was to better the lives of women in the island; some would even say that he was successful in implementing this goal. Although lives for women became significantly better after the Revolution, it was not perfect. It almost seems as if the government placed a blanket over the true problems in which women were facing throughout society. The patriarchy still existed and women were still being discriminated in certain ways. I argue that this kind of feminism, knownShow MoreRelatedThe Cuban Revolution And Its Effect On Identity1723 Words   |  7 PagesDreaming in Cuban is a novel by Cuban American author Cristina Garcia. This essay focuses on the impact of the Cuban revolution and its effe ct on identity within the Cuban diaspora. This essay argues that Dreaming in Cuban illustrates the impact of the Cuban revolution on women and how it has affected their identities as Cuban women. Therefore, this essay will assess the structure of the novel, it will identify key historical, and geographical contexts in which these events took place. The essayRead MoreThe Cuban Revolution Essay976 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cuban Revolution The Cuban revolution was one that transformed Cuba into an independent socialist society. This revolution sent a message around the globe. The message: â€Å" Socialism can be achieved and capitalism, with its culture stripping mechanism’s can be supplemented†. However, the revolution did leave its mark on Cuba. This can be seen in the events that took place during the early stages of the revolution. The effects of the revolution were positive forRead MoreCuban Writer: Reinaldo Arenas1499 Words   |  6 PagesDuring an interview in 1983, printed in the New Yorker just last year, Reinaldo Arenas was asked, â€Å"Does a writer have a duty to himself and to society?† Arenas replies that it is indeed the job of the writer to write their best, but defines that as â€Å"when a writer writes, he’s always referring to a social and historical context.† Arenas was a Cuban writer, exiled for being openly homosexual and rebelling against the Cuban govern ment through his written works. He was also very autobiographical in hisRead MoreCuba and Castros Coming to Power1266 Words   |  6 PagesUnderpinned by long term credit and trade agreements with USSR, the Cubans had achieved standards of health and literacy rivaling those of developed countries. After his coming to power, Castro had managed to reduce the infant mortality rate, a yardstick of development of development from 60 per thousand live children in 1958 to 13.2 in 1980. On the eve of the revolution there had been one doctor for 5,000 Cubans, whereas thirty years later there was one per 400. Average life expectancy had risen fromRead MoreGraffiti And Other Artistic Writings1362 Words   |  6 Pagesvisions to distance modern graffiti from earlier artistic writings. Firstly, nineteenth century Cuban artists of color made revolutionary drawings and wall paintings that inspired later Mexican muralists to continue resisting political racism. Josà © Antonio Aponte, who led a major rebellion in 1812, inspired an Afro-Cuban tradition of wall painting that superimposed black insurgency over white Cuban à ©lite hegemony. Aponte’s sketchbook contained â€Å"incriminating† imagery that included a black soldierRead MoreCuba And Its Effects On America969 Words   |  4 Pages The history of Cuba has gone through many dramatic changes affecting not only the economy but the citizens as well. On January 1st, 1969 Dictator Fulgenico Batiste (Fidel Castro) fled the Island of Cuba, with his revolutionaries seizing control with the U.S backing the situation. This caused chaos and excitement in Havana, rumbling the idea of anti-americanism. This relates back to the conflict theory, as this had a great impact on the citizens of Cuba, causing more hate on america and itsRead MoreThe Revolution Is Us By David C. Stone1500 Words   |  6 Pagesmeans to be Cuban under the Revolution. In this instance she is referring to this Pacheco, who in the mind tells the story of what it means to be Cuban in the eyes of a manipulative government. Pacheco is a man who mentions that he would die for the revolution and feels that he in forever indented or at the service of the Revolution. Later on in this section Guerra mentions the â€Å"absence of all the most integrated Cubans from the collection deliberately provides tunnel vision into Cuban society; yetRead MoreThe Cuban Revolutionary Movement Of Cuba968 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cuban revolutionary movement is still remembered today as a significant cause of what has come of Cuba today but more importantly by the people who were involved. One who played a significant role for his effort to overthrow the Cuban and Bolivian government was Che Guevara. Che Guevara became involved i n political change when he was on a trip in Cuba where he met Fidel Castro. At the time, Fidel Castro wanted to overthrow the government which was under control of Fulgencio Batista. Guevara’sRead More Cuban Film Industry Essay1292 Words   |  6 PagesCuban Film Industry Bennito Mussolini constructed Cinecitta in 1938, the most significant film studio in Europe. Stalin had hi own Private projection. Juan Peron and Mao Zedong shared the fascination, they both married actresses. Francisco Franco was said to have a fantasy of being a movie writer. The leader of the Cuban Revolution follows their footsteps. In 1979 he created, ?The International Film Festival of Havana? and also inaugurates a school for the Cuban youth to follow on their prestigiousRead MoreThe Extent of Fidel Castros Achievement of His Aims Between 1959 and 19791459 Words   |  6 Pagespurely democratic while having a just society. Castro’s goals were hindered not only by the dependence on the U.S., but also on the Soviet Union after relations with the U.S. intensified. By the end of his reign, Castro had not upheld his initial revolutionary ideology; therefore, he did not achieve his aims for Cuba to the greater extent. In one of his aims, Castro hoped to see Cuba become independent. In order to become less dependent on foreign countries, Castro implemented an economic reform that

A Brief Note On The World War II - 2159 Words

Monika Gruca Professor Moore History 150 9 May 2015 Final Exam Part I: Identifications 1. Fascism- Fascism is a governmental system led by a dictator having complete power. It is usually emphasized by aggressive nationalism and often racism. Two countries that adopted fascism were Germany and Italy. Germany was under the leadership of Adolf Hitler, while Italy was under Benito Mussolini. Fascism led both countries to have extreme nationalism and instilled a great sense of pride in both countries. This great national pride can be seen during the initial years of World War II. Both countries took aggressive actions in Europe and Africa because of their national pride. 2. Calvinism- Calvinism was a branch of Protestantism formed by John†¦show more content†¦Bismarck was a master political strategist who was able to make many alliances that helped secure Germany security. Following German unification Germany became one of the most powerful nations in Europe. 4. The Black Plague- The Black Plague or popularly know as the â€Å"Black Death† was one of the most horrifying and deadly diseases in human history. Between 75 and 200 million people were estimated to have died. From 1346 to 1353 the Black Death was expanding across Europe. The Plague created religious, social, and economic problems all across Europe. 5. Glorious Revolution- The Glorious Revolution also called the Bloodless Revolution occurred between 1688-1689. This resulted in the deposition of James II and the accession of his daughter Mary II and her husband William III who was the prince of Orange and stadholder of the Netherlands. With their ascension to the throne came the constitutionalized English Bill of Rights of 1689. The revolution permanently established Parliament as the main ruling power of England. Part II: Essays 2. Nationalism At the beginning of the 19th century there was a turn from religious loyalty or loyalty given to a particular leader towards loyalty owed to a particular nation. Nationalism came from the formation of the public sphere. It allowed for the institution of patriotic symbols such as national songs, literature, and emblems. The French Revolution was the first to institute the idea of a nation-state, in which the

E-commerce Transaction Security free essay sample

A study of consumer and business concerns over internet sales transactions security. This paper examines in depth the Internet security concerns for consumers and business in their commerce transactions. This paper focuses on the problems that are actually being faced in E-commerce, but largely ignored because of the lack of realization of the capability of hacking software and Internet Cookies. It describes the various security issues and the recommended manner of tackling the problem. This paper provides great detail to many Internet technologies in specific, including the sections on encryption, firewalls and software. Table of Contents: Executive Summary Importance of the Issue Data Privacy and Modes by which Organizations Protect Consumers Problems Cookies Encryption Firewalls Viruses and Hackers Security Threats and Information Systems Organizational Impacts/Issue Future Conclusion Bibliography At the moment e-commerce trade is not functioning at its optimal level. The boom that the Internet experienced had previously experienced has slowed as consumers begin realizing that e-commerce is not as safe as it was considered to be. We will write a custom essay sample on E-commerce Transaction Security or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Problems like uncontrolled viruses, hackers and seemingly safe cookies have emerged to take the field by the storm and created a whole new scenario as businesses try to reestablish consumer confidence. These factors are causing the consumers and business personnel to demand online security solutions. Organizations realize that they need to view the Internet security issues with as much seriousness as they would the problem had it arisen within their physical territory. As the use of the Internet increases so odes the risk of security and if the corporations ignore this very real threat they will be shortchanging their business productivity. As more and more nations and populations go online there is created an unprecedented potential for growth. To take full advantage of these corporations must spruce up their security and manage their growth in a manner that not only increases sales revenue but also creates customer confidence. Creating the awareness of Internet security for better business transactions and thus, successful businesses is what we should be concerned with. Thus, this paper will present a case scenario of the problems facing the online business world today and how best they may be tackled so that they create a consumer confidence that has been missing for the past few years. Focusing on Internet cookies, as it is the subtlest of threats, and thus the one most usually undermined, the paper will cover the various security issues and the recommended manner of tackling the issue if any. (Author not available, 2000)

State of NSW v Delly

Question: Discuss about the State of NSW v Delly. Answer: Factual background Joanne Delly being the respondent resided in an apartment house with her de facto spouse Mark Helmout. On 19 June 1998 Delly, her spouse and numerous numbers of other individuals had departed towards the apartment of the respondent at around midnight after a night of having drinks. The daughters of the respondent i.e. Rose, aged 3, and Jasmine, aged 7 months, were also there in the apartment. It was then when an argument initiated to take place among Paul Harris and Peter. Peter was Dellys de facto spouses brother. He initiated punching Harris when the respondent was asked to go in her bedroom as she was trying to come in between them. Harris was killed and after sometime when Delly came out of her bedroom then she saw the body and she then assisted Peter in cleaning up the lounge room once Harriss body had been removed. Untimely the subsequent morning police came into the apartment with a search warrant. Delly listened to the police and told Mark, Peter and Debbie Davidson, who were sleeping in the apartment all night that they were under arrest so they must be awake. A police officer asked the respondent her basic details such as her name, birth date and updated her that she would be taken to the Queanbeyan Police Station. It was general foundation that the respondent was then under arrest and was immediately taken into custody. It was also general basis that the respondent was not told that she was under arrest and what was the reason for her arrest. The respondent spent a day at the police station and was by no means was warned or charged. At 11am the police updated the statement that she could not be charged with any offence but did not notify her of this detail. There was no confrontation to the trial judges judgment that she stopped to be under arrest at 12:30pm.[1] Case Analysis It was upheld by the court on the basis of the liability that there has been a exception to the needs that an individual, when arrested should be updated of the cause why a person was arrested, unless the situations were such that they must know the usual character of the alleged offence for which they were detained, although it did not pertain to the present case.[2] For the exception to be applicable, the respondent must have known that she was being arrested for certain criminal act that was specifically linked to the slaughter and must have certain significant information of what the accusation was likely to be. Although, it has been stated that all the arrested individuals were permitted to recognize what were the details which constitute a crime for which they were detained but it departs further than was essential to safeguard the position of the individual arrested to entail the police authority to devise a particular accusation.[3] The reward of $25,000 by way of common compensatory costs was in the higher range but was not noticeably extreme under certain situations.[4] While the law did not enlighten the defendant that she was arrested for what reason as it was usual basis that she was detained and taken into charge. It was in Adams v Kennedy (2000) 49 NSWLR 78[5] wherein it was stated that police authorities have the obligation to inform a detained individual of the reasons for the arrest. In Christie v Leachinsky [1947] AC 573[6] it was concluded that if a police officer detains without permission upon rational distrust of crime, or of other accusations of a type which does not need permission, he must in common situations notify the individual detained of the actual base of detention. He was not permitted to maintain the cause to himself or to grant a cause which was not the accurate cause. If the resident was not so well-versed but was however detained, the policeman, apart from some exceptions, was lawfully responsible for false imprisonment.[7] Although, an individual who was arrested could not make a protest that he has not been completed with the above data as and when he should be, if he himself creates the circumstances which makes it basically unfeasible to notify such person. Relevant Law Under law it has been stated that it was a term of legal detention that the person who was detained should be allowed to know why he was detained, and then, since the dealings of life seldom confess a complete principle or an incompetent scheme. It also needs that where detain profits upon permission, the permission should tell the allegation upon which the detention was made. Although there was a divergence of opinion of two different Lords namely Viscount Simon and Lord du Parcq. As Lord Simonds states that the detained individual must be told the charge or the offense for which the detention was made. Though Lord du Parcq states that while the detained individual must be familiar with the cause of detention, the striking police officer requires not to creating any accusation at all, much less the allegation which may eventually be originated in the denunciation.[8] Though in the case of Christine it was concluded that there has been a rationale behind the rule that individuals were allowed to be acquainted with why they were being detained which was that they should be put in a place to be capable to provide a clarification of all the misunderstanding, or to call concentration to other people for whom they may have been misguided, or to grant certain other exculpatory motives.[9] In the view of the judges it was stated in Gelberg v Miller [1961] 1 WLR 153[10] that section 352(2) of theCrimes Act1900 (NSW)[11] would not be helpful. As under this part, a fascinating official was needed to suppose that the detained individual had devoted a wrongful act which was penalized under any regulation does not essentially direct to a conclusion that the official was needed to tell the individual of the specific act the official had in intellect. Also, in Coyne v Citizen Finance Limited (1991) 172 CLR 211[12] it was concluded that where a claimant was entitled to compensatory compensation for unlawful detention or false imprisonment, it would be appropriate for the tribunal, in evaluating usual compensatory compensations, to take into account the complete of the behavior of the respondent at the time of proceeding which may have the effect of growing the harm to the feelings of the people. However, for a claimant to be allowed to motivated compensations, he or she must depict that the behavior of the respondent was neither bona fide nor reasonable. In the present case, the tribunal recognized a plea from a very elevated reward of compensations in a criminal detention and imprisonment cases. The claimant was a 23 year old mother merely taken by the police and detained for under a day at the police station in the probable milieu of a assassinate study. She was not well-versed of the accusation and not told that at some point during the day, the police decided they would not charge her. They only let her go later. Conclusion The appellant has increased one confrontation to obligation and 3 challenges to the main adjudicator and his evaluation of compensations. It has been abortive in its confrontation on duty and on its claim that the sum of compensatory compensation which was granted by the primary adjudicator was extreme. It has been victorious in having the reward of forced costs set aside and partially victorious on the problem of exemplary compensations insofar as the sum awarded by the judge was to be abridged. Although the conclusion was that the appeal was permissible in part, by far the major section of the trial of the plea alarmed the problem of duty which, surely from the appellants viewpoint, raised queries of universal importance. In all the situations and notwithstanding that the appellant has partially achieved something in having judges reward of compensations abridged, nevertheless in their opinion it should reimburse the damages of the petition including the expenses of the claim for leave to appeal. The tribunal concluded its substantive verdict in this case by stating the subsequent orders: Appeal was allowed in part. The grant of damages was set aside in favour of the respondent and in lieu thereof entered in a conclusion for the respondent in the costs of $35,000. References Cases Adams v Kennedy (2000) 49 NSWLR 78. Christie v Leachinsky [1947] AC 573. Coyne v Citizen Finance Limited (1991) 172 CLR 211. Gelberg v Miller [1961] 1 WLR 153. Legislations Crimes Act1900 (NSW), s 352(2). Websites Australasian Legal Information Institute, State of NSW v Delly [2007] NSWCA 303 https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/nsw/NSWCA/2007/303.html?stem=0synonyms=0query=lrla1983321 Benchmark, A Daily Bulletin listing Decisions of Superior Courts of Australia Compiled for Insurers, (8 November 2007) https://benchmarkinc.com.au/benchmark/insurance/benchmark_08-11-2007_insurance.pdf Courts of New Zealand, State of New South Wales v Delly [2007] NSWCA 303, https://www.courtsofnz.govt.nz/cases/susan-couch-v-the-attorney-general-1/@@images/fileDecision Jade, State of NSW v Delly (No2) [2007] NSWCA 367, (14 December 2007) https://jade.io/article/18821 New South Wales Case Law, State of NSW v Delly [2007] NSWCA 303, https://www.caselaw.nsw.gov.au/decision/549fc9363004262463bc3312 Robinson, DAMAGES IN FALSE IMPRISONMENT MATTERS, (22 february 2008) https://www.robinson.com.au/monoartpapers/papers/MAR%20Damages%20in%20False%20Imprisonment%20Matters-as%20Delivered%2022%20February%202008.pdf Turner Freeman, Beckett v State of New South Wales, https://www.turnerfreeman.com.au/nsw/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2015/11/beckett-judgment-24.8.151.pdf